The Food And Drug Administration - 1204 Words

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is best known for its role on protecting the health of the public by making sure that food, medications are safe and effective. Especially when it comes to the pharmaceutical industry, its mission is to regulate pharmaceutical manufacturers, as well as the drug approval process. However, in the recent years, many arguments and controversy regarding drug development and regulation have risen. Drug advertisements make false and misleading claims, products are being put out on the market without any proof of safety, causing many unwanted incidents such as the Avandia incident and Vioxx incident, which could have been prevented in the first place. Due to these incidents and many severe cases of drug side effects that had happened in the past including deaths, the current way drugs are developed and approved are unethical. Therefore, reform in FDA’s management as well as the guidelines is necessary to strengthen safety standards and eliminate problems regarding drug development and regulation. Prescription drug use has increased steadily in the U.S. over the last ten years. Nearly 70 percent of Americans are on at least one prescription drug and more than half of those receive at least two or more prescriptions. The amount of people who took at least one prescription drugs has accelerated 4 percent between the years 1999 and 2008. As there is a steady increase in drug consumption, drug development and regulation process should be taken moreShow MoreRelatedThe Food And Drug Administration Essay848 Words   |  4 PagesThe Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is responsible for protecting and promoting  public health  through regulating pharmaceutical drugs, biologics and medical device in context to granting approvals for marketing authorization, surveillance of the clinical trial study of the drug, post-marketing surveillance of the medical product, etc. The Pharmaceutical companies seek for FDA approval for a new drug to be marketed through a long process. This proce ss starts with applying an application knownRead MoreThe Food And Drug Administration1017 Words   |  5 Pagescosmetic products on the market all over the world than ever before. There has also been an emphasis on beauty and how one presents themselves to others. The combination of these factors lead to an increase in demand for cosmetics. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has little to no control over the regulation over the safety of the ingredients included in personal care products on the market. Problems arise because there are known and identified toxic chemicals in many cosmetics, but not muchRead MoreThe Food And Drug Administration898 Words   |  4 Pagespolicy, foods, such as fruits, vegetables, grains, and their byproducts, derived from plant varieties developed by the new methods of genetic modification are regulated within the existing framework of the act† (FDA). In other words, instead of creating new regulations that are specific to these completely unique food products, they are put within the umbrella of other â€Å"natural† products. As time passes it appears to be harder to establish strict regulations to manage genetically modified food. AccordingRead MoreThe Food And Drug Administration1740 Words   |  7 Pagesto decline and present a risk to future food security. As a world, we are facing an adaptation deficit leaving us very vulnerable and thus, we must seek to find alternative resources to adapt and mitigate the risk to agriculture. One solution might be attributed to genetically modified foods, which are found in 80% of processed foods today, much to the unawareness of public consumers. In America, the Food and Drug Administration has the authority over food labeling and it has concluded that thereRead MoreThe Food And Drug Administration1903 Words   |  8 Pages2016. On December 1, 2014, the US Food and Drug Administration released a Final Rule clarifying the requirements, which include easy-to-see calorie counts for all â€Å"standard menu items,† as well as the inclusion of statements communicating the average daily intake of 2,000 calories and informing consumers that more detailed nutritional information can be obtained by request (Goldman, 2015). The goal of this rule is â€Å"to make nutrition information for certain foods available to consumers in a directRead MoreThe Food And Drug Administration2463 Words   |  10 PagesConsumers thus should be concerned what they put in their bodies. The Food and Drug Administration is regulating food, but people are sicker now than they ever have been. Not only them, but the big pharmaceutical companies also play a role in this giving drugs to people to help their problems but end up with a host of other problems from their fix. With this project I hope to show how incompetent the Food and Drug Administration is by unveiling what synthetic vitamins really are, the chemicals usedRead MoreThe Food And Drug Administration843 Words   |  4 PagesThe Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved naltrexone in 1994 to assist in the treatment of alcohol dependence (Mark et. al, 2003). According to multiple studies of various sizes the medication has been proven to be highly beneficial in assisting with alcohol withdrawal and relapse (Leavitt, 2002; Rohsenow, 2004; Williams, 2005). With the approval of the FDA and the backing of many studies, why is this wonder drug not being more widely used? The following will address how naltrexone worksRead MoreThe Food And Drug Administration1142 Words   |  5 PagesAndy Nunez English 1101 Amy Sandefur 9 September 2014 Dear Michael Taylor, As senior advisor of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), I understand that you must have thousand of proposals being addressed to you everyday. I also understand that the FDA is responsible for tests that use dogs, primates and other species as test subjects to meet legal safety requirements. (Navs.org) At the same time, I, and millions of other people believe that the laws on animal experimentation need to be reviewedRead MoreThe Food And Drug Administration1430 Words   |  6 Pagesto the sugary taste of many foods and go by many names – saccharin, aspartame, and sucralose  ¬Ã¢â‚¬â€œ but they are all formulated by chemical engineers. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) describes artificial sweeteners as â€Å"probably safe,† and this statement has proven to be quite true (Nestle). For several years, aspartame and saccharin have been linked to weight gain and cancer in consumers and lab animals (Nestle). Because artificial sweeteners are used in many food pro ducts (most commonly dietRead MoreThe Food And Drug Administration1298 Words   |  6 PagesIn 2000, the US Food and Drug Administration issued a health claim which states that consuming foods containing plant sterol and stanol esters along with other low cholesterol and saturated fat foods can reduce the risk of coronary heart disease (Jones, Vanstone, Raeini-Sarjaz, St-Onge, 2003). Today, many functional foods in the form of margarines, spread, yogurt, and others, have been enriched with phytosterols and advocated as being able to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. Phytosterols

The Poverty Of Nigeria, West Africa - 948 Words

A governor is able to own a six-thousand square foot home fully equipped with multiple security guards, a swimming pool, and far more rooms than needed. Meanwhile, in a neighboring town just miles away is poverty stricken land where someone calls home. It is surrounded by trash, with little food to eat, as the stench of sewage from the local city coats the air. This scenario is foreign to people living in the United States. That is simply because this is a problem prevalent to ones living in Nigeria, West Africa. For decades, Nigeria has been infamously known for the non-progressive gap between the categorization of who is considered to be either wealthy or who is labeled as impoverished. It is a country filled with an abundance of resources, and in spite of this, Nigeria’s poverty rate continues to struggle. The leading factors currently contributing to the growing poverty rate in Nigeria are due to the lack of proper education, the increasing population, and corruption withi n the government. Firstly, the linear correlation between higher education and easily attainable opportunities is a value commonly experienced and encouraged globally. Education is ultimately the key to success, and without that factor there is no foundation to build from. According to CNBC Africa, the â€Å"Nigerian education sector has rapidly declined in the past twenty years† (Rhodes). This statement alone gives a clear look into the struggle that youth in Nigeria are facing daily when it comes to theShow MoreRelatedThe Agricultural And Food Sciences1713 Words   |  7 PagesINDUSTRY IN NIGERIA AGRI 4000-PRACTICING THE PROFESSION OF AGROLOGIST Nathaniel Akinkunmi 7764897 Introduction The agriculture industry in Nigeria has opportunities that are not maximized due to challenges it is facing. Background Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa with a population of 177,155,754 and was governed by the British government till October 1st, 1960 when Nigeria gained independence. The Capital of Nigeria is Abuja located in the centre of the country. Nigeria is locatedRead MorePopulation Growth And Poverty: Nigeria1166 Words   |  5 Pageschallenges that people have to face and Nigeria is no exception. Nigeria, a country located in West Africa, is the sixth most populous country in the world with a total population of over 167 million (Rosenthal). The issues that Nigeria goes through as a result of population growth are just a few of the issues that many other populated countries face worldwide. The high rates of unemployment, crime, poverty as well as lack of health and education in Nigeria are just some of the many factors that areRead MoreMaternal Mortality During Developing Countries1453 Words   |  6 PagesMaternal mortality in developing countries is alarmingly high when com pared with developed countries. Africa has the highest burden in the world and Nigeria accounts for a significant proportion of these deaths (1). The 2013 Nigerian Demographic Health Survey reports maternal mortality in Nigeria at 576 deaths per 100,000 live births (2). One third of women in the country receive no antenatal service at all with much higher rates of this found in the rural areas compared with those in the urban regionsRead MoreFighting Drug Cartels On The Americas712 Words   |  3 Pages Committee: UNODC Country: Nigeria Topic: Fighting Drug Cartels in the Americas Delegate: Angel Rivera Fighting Drug Cartels in the Americas Background Drug cartels have arisen as a major crisis for the future in the Americas. Individuals indulge themselves on drugs for many reasons such as tradition, attempting to escape poverty, and generating revenue for rebellious activities. Drug trafficking has proven to be ludacris, with the increasing involvement of corrupt government officials in theirRead MoreEuropean Union External Action Service784 Words   |  4 Pages desertification, deforestation, frequent food crises, extreme poverty, rapid population growth are the main ones. Basides to the natural problem of the region some other problems such as ethnic centrism, fragile governance, corruption, unresolved internal tensions, violent extremism and radicalization, illegal trafficking and terrorist-linked security threats affects the peace and security of the people in the Sahel region of Africa. As a result, the Sahel region is one of the poorest and most environmentallyRead MoreNigeria s Strong Economic Track Record Burden Of Disea se877 Words   |  4 PagesNigeria is the largest Sub-Saharan country in Africa and has a population of around 173 million people. The population is very diverse. It has over 200 ethnic groups, with three tribes known as the Yoruba (West), Ibo (East), and the Hausa (North). These tribes speak nearly 500 different indigenous languages (World Health Organization, 2015). Nigeria has the largest natural gas reserves in Africa and is also the biggest oil exporter on the continent. What this means in terms of global health is thatRead MoreTerrorism : An Imperative For Economic, Political And Military Solutions1321 Words   |  6 PagesTERRORISM IN AFRICA; an Imperative for Economic, Political and Military Solutions. The bombings of the United States embassies in Tanzania and Kenya were marked indicators that Africa based terrorist groups were increasing threats to the interests of democratic societies in Africa those of all freedom loving societies the world over. Our policy makers have for long treated the Middle East and Asia as the main battlegrounds in the war on terror. Those regions have been joined by Africa in theRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement, Woodstock, Vietnam War, And South Africa853 Words   |  4 Pages and that’s just in America. In Africa, countries were gaining freedom and independence. By 1980 the British, French, Italians, Spanish, Portuguese, and Dutch were being conquered and most of Africa had claimed independence as countries, all the while apartheid was still going on. Even with the riots between warring states, weren’t enough to keep them. It actually caused them to lose more control. Countries demanded freedom and to end the apartheid acros s Africa. Nelson Mandela went to jail forRead MoreThe Effects of Petroleum Business on Nigeria1562 Words   |  7 PagesThe largest petroleum-producing nation in Africa is Nigeria. The petroleum company is the main contributing factor of the GDP in the West African nation, which is also the continents, most noticeable and populous reserves. Since Nigeria was under British control it has suffered socio-economic and political adversities for decades. Corrupt domestic militias and complicity of multinational corporations have rid the nation of its natural resources. The same corporations that are ridding the land andRead MoreThe Ethnic Background Of Nigeria1583 Words   |  7 PagesYoruba ethnic groups. Islam in Nigeria is based on the teaching of the Prophet Muhammad outlined in the Qur’an with varying differences from the rest of the Islamic community. The vast majority of Igbo are Christians as are many of the Yoruba. Popular forms of Christianity include Anglican, Presbyte rian, American Southern Baptist, and Methodist with large congregations of Seventh - day Adventist and Jehovah’s Witness across the country. The ethnic background of Nigeria is diverse from its foundation

The Loon Project in India

Question: Analyse the loon project in India. Answer: Introduction Project loon is a one of the most innovative and implementing projects which have been initiated by the Google with the help of Indian Government. In this project the government and the Google wants to deliver internet facilities all across the country in India by the help of balloon powered. To convince the government about the project and to negotiate with the government about the usage and the bandwidth the new CEO of the organisation Google has been came to India to talk with the Honourable Prime Minister along with the technical administrative people of mobile service provider. To connect the people from the rural and remote location the organisation like Google deigned new technological implementation in their network of balloons[1](Jorge 2009). Initiation of the Project The initiation of the project had been starts in the year 2013 month of June with the experiment in the New Zealand. To test the technology some small group of the Project Loon pioneers has been sent to Christchurch and Canterbury. By the help of the pilot testing of this project it can be help the technology to implement in the India for the effective outcomes of the Project Loon. Technology In the Project loon balloon technology the balloons will float in the Stratosphere and that will establish twice high as airplanes and the weather. With the help of the internet antenna in the building the people or the individuals in the rural and remote location will connect with the internet. The signal of the internet will bounces according to the different balloons and then it back on the earth[2]. It has been observed that due to the thinner atmosphere in the air layer in Stratosphere there are less protection from the UV radiation and the sun rays temperature. To design the Loon the organisation designed the balloon with the help of Envelope, Solar Panel and the different equipment. According to the CEO of the Google it has been announced that with the help of the Project Loon the world can goes around with the internet facilities within 22 days and all the people of the world can easily access the internet facilities with almost 3G speeds. Problem Statement The major issues with the project are to convince the Government of India about the bandwidth space in the internet usage. The organisation tries to develop the balloon technology by using the 700 MHz -800 MHz but the government did not ready to provide high bandwidth amount. After some conversation with the Indian Government it has been finalised that the government will provide almost 2500 MHz band with the help of BSNL service provider[3]. This can be the main problem statement for the organisation like Google to promote the low band. On the other hand it has been observed that there are two additional problems. One of the problems is the use of countrywide airspace. In accordance with the Economic Times, the Aviation and Defence Ministry, Home Ministry were also worried about the safety and security issues of the project, with doubts and worries concerning on close watch, and intrusion with military aircraft or chartered flight routes. Secondly, it has been shown that many countr ies accuse for these reason over flight constitutional rights. So there might be the gaining of the authorization and then the probable imbursement requirements[4]. Impact of the Project There are several positive and negative impacts of the Project Loon. By the help of the technological implementation in the all over the world the organisation can easily manage to use internet for all the people across the world. The technology consists of high speed and it increases the internet usage for the people[5] . On the other hand it has been observed that after several testing of the Project Loon the cost of the project is too high for the rural and remote area development. The maintenance of the technology is too difficult and the balloon will work for only two weeks. Conclusion and recommendation To make an effective desired outcomes the company responded well by the help of innovation and the implementation on the Project loon the organisation like Google needs to aware about the effective technological implementation and proper communication with the Indian Government[6]. To mitigate some safety issues with concerning on the defence and aviation the Google needs to communicate more with the aviation and defence ministry in their project process. The CEO of the Google Sundar Pichai has more confidence that he can manage the government of India in there further conversation and he can negotiate with the band which has been offered by the government. With the help of pre success in the other country the organisation can easily cop up with the factors with the Indian Government and they can easily manage to change the decision for the Indian government. References Bhaskar, V 1995 On the generic instability of mixed strategies in asymmetric contests [Tilburg: Tilburg University] Jolly, Dominique 2000 'Three generic resource-based strategies' International Journal of Technology Management 19/7/8: 773 Jorge, Maria Fabiana 2009 'The generic industry is changing and will require new global strategies and policies' J Generic Med 6/2: 97-98 Karnani, Aneel 1984 'Generic competitive strategiesAn analytical approach' Strat. Mgmt. J. 5/4: 367-380 Samuel, A. E Weir, John 1999 Introduction to engineering design Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann Udayasankar, Krishna Das, Shobha S. 'Competitive Institutional Strategies: A New Generic Typology' SSRN Electronic Journal [1] Jorge, Maria Fabiana 2009 'The generic industry is changing and will require new global strategies and policies' J Generic Med 6/2: 97-98 [2] Karnani, Aneel 1984 'Generic competitive strategiesAn analytical approach' Strat. Mgmt. J. 5/4: 367-380 [3] Jolly, Dominique 2000 'Three generic resource-based strategies' International Journal of Technology Management 19/7/8: 773 [4] Samuel, A. E Weir, John 1999 Introduction to engineering design Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann [5] Bhaskar, V 1995 On the generic instability of mixed strategies in asymmetric contests [Tilburg: Tilburg University] [6] Udayasankar, Krishna Das, Shobha S. 'Competitive Institutional Strategies: A New Generic Typology' SSRN Electronic Journal.

Making Decisions Based on Demand and Forecasting

Introduction Background Before a company enters a new market, it is important to conduct a demand analysis and forecast for the product the company offers. Demand analysis will entail analysing the factors that are likely to affect the demand of the product at issue. Some of these factors include demographic factors (population size and pattern), household income, price of the commodity and the price of other related commodities.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Making Decisions Based on Demand and Forecasting specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is also important to conduct competitors’ analysis in order to understand their marketing strategies, and their weaknesses and strengths. The analysis of all these factors will also make it possible for the company to assess the economic viability of the market before entering. The purpose of research This paper analyzes the possibility of Domino’s P izza entering Boca Raton Market situated in Boca Raton Community. The research involves a demographic survey of the community and other variables that are likely to affect the demand of Pizza in the region. The demand for Pizza in this community is believed to be dependent on the population size, the income per house hold, price of Pizza and the demand of soda. The demand analysis and forecast for Pizza conducted is meant to help make a decision concerning whether Domino’s should establish presence in Boca Raton community. Research questions What is the population size of Boca Raton community and how does it affect the demand of Pizza? What is the average income per household in Boca Raton community? How does this income level influence the demand of Pizza? Does the price of pizza influence its demand in Boca Raton community? Does the price of soda have influence on the demand of pizza? Methodology The information will be gathered from secondary sources. Journal, books and articles containing information about the price theory (demand and supply and their relationship with price) will be used. The other information to be gathered from secondary sources includes the effects of income levels and population size on demand of pizza. The research will involve determining whether all the demand factors (price of pizza, income of households, and price of soda and population size) are important determinants of demand for pizza. The data collected will, therefore, need to be analyzed carefully and tested. The analysis of this data will entail conducting a regression analysis in order to determine the extent to which all the independent variables affect the demand of pizza in Boca Raton, FL. The demand of pizza will be taken as the dependent variable and will be denoted by Y. The other factors will be taken as the independent variables and will be represented as follows:Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More X1 = Population Size. X2 = Household income. X3 = Price of pizza. X4 = price of Soda. The regression equation that will need to be determined is as follows: Y = ÃŽ ²0 + ÃŽ ²1X1 + ÃŽ ²2X2 + ÃŽ ²3X3 + ÃŽ ²4X4. Where: ÃŽ ²0, ÃŽ ²1, ÃŽ ²2, ÃŽ ²3, and ÃŽ ²4 are constants, and coefficients of the independent variables.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Making Decisions Based on Demand and Forecasting specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The estimation of the regression line will be done with the help of Eviews statistical software. Literature review Boca Raton, FL Demographics Boca Raton is located in Florida, in the United States of America. The community, on average, has a population of 86,445 (United States Census Bureau, 2012). The population in the 1990’s was growing at the rate of 22% per annum on average. However, from around 2005, the popula tion has not been growing at a very slight margin. The community is comprised of 49% male and 515 female. The population by race comprise of 91% white, 4% Africa American, 0% Native American, 2% Asian, 0% Hawaiian and 3% for others. The population size for the past 10 years for the city is summarised in the table below. Population by Year. Change Rate. 2000 83,014 N/A. 2001 84,251 1.49% 2002 86,005 2.08% 2003 86,034 0.03% 2004 86,597 0.65% 2005 86,325 -0.31% 2006 85,787 -0.62% 2007 85,716 -0.08% 2008 85,842 0.15% 2009 86,445 0.70% This information was obtained from https://www.idcide.com/citydata/fl/boca-raton.htm Average income per household in Boca Raton, FL The median household income for the community between 2006 and 2010 was $47,661 (United States Census Bureau, 2012). We shall use the following data to represent the annual household income: Average household income by Year ($). 2000 49600 2001 52400 2002 53700 2003 60230 2004 60300 200 5 47661 2006 56200 2007 50400 2008 60248 2009 49509 The price of and the demand of Pizza According to Harvey, Carl and Hasek (2006), it is generally known that the demand for a normal commodity is inversely related to its own price. The demand of a commodity increases as its own price decreases and vice versa (McEachern, 2011). We shall also include in the same schedule the demand for soda. Assuming that one pizza will be accompanied with one soda, the same amount of soda will be needed as pizzas. The following demand schedule for Pizza will be used in the analysis.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Demand schedule for Pizza by Year    Price of pizza. Number of Pizzas demanded Price of soda $25 100 $13 $20 210 $11 $15 300 $9 $10 500 $7 $ 5 650 $3 30 60 $15 13 400 $8 22 160 $12 8 560 $5 27 80 $14 Data Analysis, Results and discussions. The Eviews output was obtained as shown below: Dependent Variable: Y. Method: Least Squares. Date: 10/29/12. Time: 09:03. Sample: 1 10. Included observations: 10. Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob. C -1413.077 479.2690 -2.948401 0.0319 X1 0.009757 0.004869 2.003767 0.1015 X2 0.021733 0.004715 4.609647 0.0058 X3 11.11188 5.697891 1.950174 0.1086 X4 -50.38428 10.39577 -4.846612 0.0047 R-squared 0.997178 Mean dependent var 302.0000 Adjusted R-squared 0.994920 S.D. dependent var 214.4139 S.E. of regression 15.28216 Akaike info criterion 8.598101 Sum squared resid 1167.721 Schwarz criterion 8.749394 Log likelihood -37.99051 F-statistic 441.6639 Durbin-Watson stat 0.723781 P rob(F-statistic) 0.000001 The regression line is obtained from the Eviews report and is stated as follows: Y = -1413.077 + 0.009757 X1 + 0.021733 X2 + 11.11188 X3 + -50.38428 X4 S. E. 479.2690 0.004869 0.004715 5.697891 10.39577 T – Statistic -2.948401 2.003767 4.609647 1.950174 -4.846612 To test the significance of all these independent variables, we use the t – test. We check from the student’s t distribution table for the critical values of t at 99% level of confidence and 6 (n-k) degrees of freedom. The critical t at this point is 1.9432. The hypotheses being tested are stated as follows: H0: ÃŽ ² = 0, that is, the independent variable (e.g. X1 x2 x3 or x4) is not an important determinant of the dependent variable Y. H1: ÃŽ ² ≠  0, that is, the independent variable (e.g. X1 x2 x3 or x4) is an important determinant of the dependent variable Y. Based on the decision criteria, we may reject or may not reject the null hypothesis. The decision criterion i s that if t-statistic is greater that the critical t, we reject the null hypothesis (Black, 2009). In our case, it shows that t-statistic t – critical, for all variables X1 x2 x3 and x4. This means that all the 4 variables are important determinants of Y. The demand of Pizza is significantly influenced by the population size, household income, price of pizza and price of soda, which is pizza’s compliment good. The coefficient of determination R2 (Adjusted) = 0.994920. This means that 99.492% of the demand of Pizza is explained jointly by population size, household income, price of pizza, and price of soda. To improve the value of R2, other factors that affect the demand of pizza should be included in the model. These may include changes in substitute goods, the future expectations of changes in price, and tastes and preferences of the consumers among others. Demand Forecast Using the regression line Y = -1413.077 + 0.009757 X1 + 0.021733 X2 + 11.11188 X3 – 50.3 8428 X4, we assume the variables X1, X2, X3, and X4 changed as shown below in the next 4 years. 1stMonth 2ndMonth 3rdMonth 4thMonth X1 84,251 84000 85000 83000 X2 49600 50000 51000 50500 X3 25 22 21 24 X4 13 12 16 13 Y = -1413.077 + 0.009757 X1+ 0.021733 X2 + 11.11188 X3– 50.38428 X4 The assumption made is that the regression line was estimated using monthly data. Conclusion and recommendations Form the above analysis, it shows that population size, household income, price of pizza, and price of soda play a big role in determining the demand of Pizza. Domino’s Pizza needs to consider all these factors before moving to the new market. The market seems to have an opportunity because the population is growing, and this will increase the demand of pizza. The issue of household income is another important determinant. The income mostly keeps on increasing even it is with a very small margin. This means the demand of pizza will continue rising. Dominoâ⠂¬â„¢s Pizza may also enter the market and charge slightly less than the competitors (McGuigan, Moyer and Harris, 2010). This will attract many customers toward Domino’s Pizza. The price of soda is beyond Domino’s Pizza control. Reference List Black, K. (2009). Business Statistics: Contemporary Decision Making. London: John Wiley Sons. Harvey, J., Carl, D and Hasek, W. (2006). Economics: Principles and Applications.  US: Goodwill Trading Co., Inc. McEachern, W. A†¦ (2011). Economics: A Contemporary Introduction. New York:  Cengage Learning. McGuigan, J.R., Moyer, C and Harris, F. (2010). Managerial Economics. New York: Cengage Learning. Unites States Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2001). Household survey. Web. United States Census Bureau. (2012). State County QuickFacts: Boca Raton (city),  Florida. Web. This research paper on Making Decisions Based on Demand and Forecasting was written and submitted by user BartRozum to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Jazz Concert Critique Essay Example

Jazz Concert Critique Essay Example Jazz Concert Critique Paper Jazz Concert Critique Paper On Monday, September 27, I had the pleasure of attending a performance by the Amherst Jazz Orchestra. Founded and headed by Bandleader Dave Sporny this professional big band played rare and historically big band works to some of the newest original contemporary jazz music. The Amherst Brewing Company looked small from the outside, even when I got inside there were many dining tables and a small place by the window for a fifteen piece band to fit in. Surprisingly they all fit perfectly. They took their seats and were about to start performance. Every musician was preparing his instrument very carefully; making sure it is in tune and ready to be used. The front row of the big band comprised the following instruments: one electric guitar, five saxophones. Second row had three trombones and a keyboard player (conductor). The back row consisted of four trumpets, bass player and a drummer. They opened the evening with the song called â€Å"Where’s Reg†. Everybody were playing melody when all of a sudden alto saxophone exploded in a breath taking solo, which was followed by less intense but nonetheless beautiful soprano. From the first sound you could tell that it’s going to be a nice evening. Their live performance sounded so superb and flawless as if listening them on the CD. A strange thought cross my mind: I wondered if the immaculate play of big bands comes by countless number of rehersals that made it impossible for performers to make a mistake or that experience made an instrument a projection of the musician’s soul so that playing is as easy as thinking?! I think it’s both. It has to be. The soloist would stand up in order for the people to see who was playing it. Upright bass was doing a walk part which really highlighted the style and moved the song in especial smooth rhythm. Trombone played one more solo and drummer concluded the song by performing one of his own. What really caught my attention was that all other musicians stopped while the drums were playing. I guess you can call it a drum solo. After the song ended the conductor introduce the musicians to the audience so people would have an idea who was doing what. Before and after the songs, the conductor would take a little time to explain a bit about the song they were about to play. For the second song the bass player switched from upright to electric bass. Flute started off very slow and guitar joined them a few seconds later. Even though only some of the musicians were playing, all other musicians follows them on the charts in order for them not to lose track of where they were in the song. In my opinion guitar was the main instrument for this tune. Solo was incredible and guitar player put his heart and soul into it. When he was improvising he would close his eyes and swing back and forth showing how much he was putting into it. At the end of the song saxophone stared his solo and everybody joint in unison to finish it off. Conductor showed the sign that marked the end and music stopped. In my opinion it’s a weird place for the conductor to conduct standing in the second row. The saxophonists had to turn their heads or look right behind them in order to see what signs he was showing. Usually conductors stand at the front of the band, but lack of space at the front forced him to stand where he was. â€Å"Still crazy after all this years† was a slow melody. The song started with clarinet. I noticed that the saxophonists would switch from one instrument to another, different sax, clarinet, flute was the part of their job. Trumpets put on the mutes for smoother sound. Some musicians were young guys probably students that have reached the level to play professional stuff like this. Saxophone played a solo, then guitar and back to the saxophone solo. In my opinion three clarinets and muted trumpets in the fourth song sounded the best. It was my favorite song for the night. They started off with the bass at the beginning and slowly built up through the end of the song. Trumpet played a solo in the middle of the song with guitar accompaniment. Guitar would change chords slowly while trumpet poured his heart out. And at the end of it flute player just blew my mind away with the speed he played. The fifth song they played had an awkward beginning. The whole band started playing at the once. It sounded like the different parts of a thunder storm. And all played upbeat rhythm and catchy melody. It sounded very unique and I bet it caught people’s attention even if they didn’t come to see the band playing. You don’t hear this kind of a beginning on the radio. It was cool! When two saxophone players were soloing I noticed elements of call and respond in their play. For the last three songs conductor introduced a female vocalist that sang beautifully. The first song she sang sounded very old and reminded me a swing era of jazz music. Bass player picked up his upright bass. Every time vocalist stopped singing, trumpet played solo. â€Å"Something got a hold on me† was the last song and was really a dance like song in a boogie woogie style. Vocalist sang the beginning very slow almost with no music in the background and then it just went flying with upbeat melody. Saxophone played solo and then piano right after it, leaving that jazzy feeling in you for the rest of the night and made a lasting impression upon myself. All together it was only eight nicely done songs, but let me tell you, one and a half hour just flew by when I listened to these guys!

Employee Relations Service-Profit Value Chain

Employee Relations Service-Profit Value Chain The service-profit value chain (SPVC) is a model of the relationship between employee productivity, service delivery, and customer satisfaction that explains the link between customer service as a broad concept and business profitability. Although the model is generally well-known, it does not seem to attract as much academic attention as other concepts in CRM. That is unfortunate because the SPVC is one of the more flexible and practical analytical models available; if understood and applied correctly, it is equally useful as a tool for external analysis of firms as well as a tool for planning. The Basic Concept behind the SPVC: Employees Come First The development of the SPVC is attributed to a group of Harvard Business School faculty members led by James L. Heskett, and the model was introduced in an article in the Harvard Business Review in 1994 (â€Å"Putting the Service-Profit Value Chain to Work†, Harvard Business Review, March-April 1994). The basic concept of the SPVC, the ‘links’ in the chain, is expressed as a series of propositions: Profit and growth result from customer loyalty. Customer loyalty results from customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction results from service value. Service value results from employee loyalty and productivity. Employee loyalty and productivity are results of employee satisfaction. Employee satisfaction results from internal service quality. Internal service quality refers to the working environment – working conditions, compensation and rewards, policies, and support that facilitate the delivery of service by employees. The philosophy â€Å"Take care of your employees and they will take care of your business,† expressed in different ways by management icons like Virgin’s Richard Branson, Southwest Airlines’ Herb Kelleher or Enterprise Rent-a-Car’s Jack Taylor is not just homespun wisdom, but really the fundamental idea behind the SPVC. The customer is naturally the highest priority, but the business can’t meet the customer’s needs unless it has something to deliver; and the only way the business can accomplish that is to cultivate its workforce, which makes internal service quality the first objective. You may be interested in: Five Forces Analysis SWOT Analysis Five Components of Service Management The ADL Matrix and Gap Analysis Ansoff, Boston, and the Strategy Clock The SPVC as an Empirical Model One of the advantages of the SPVC as an analytical tool is that it can be configured as kind of empirical model. Heskett, et al. made the argument that customer satisfaction – and consequently, customer loyalty leading to profitability for the firm – is the result of the customer’s perception of service value. The service value perception is a judgment by the customer that compares the outcomes of the service and the quality of the process to the price of the service and other costs to the customer to obtain the service. The customer assessment can be expressed as a customer value equation: [SO + PQ]/[P + C] = CV → CL → PROFIT Of course, in order for this equation to be useful, some meaningful values have to be assigned to the variables, and that might present a bit of a challenge. The easiest way to approach the problem is to start with the variables that have a known value: Price (P) and Profit; profit should be expressed as a numerical value, i.e. price times profit margin. Other customer costs (C) can be estimated; factors such as the price differential between the firm’s product or service and that of a competitor, the difference in distance a customer has to travel to reach the business rather than a competitor, shipping or transfer costs, and costs in time required for the customer to obtain the product or service all account for C, and with a little research a fairly accurate estimate can be generated. Service Outcome (SO) is a bit more difficult, but if it is generalized to represent ‘completion of a transaction’, it can be handled with a Likert Scale. For example: 1 – Transaction not completed 2 – Transaction completed, but below customer expectations 3 – Transaction completed, met customer expectations 4 – Transaction completed, exceeded customer expectations Note that in this scale there is no ‘0’. A transaction that is not completed or is otherwise entirely unsatisfactory to the customer probably deserves a ‘0’, but that would also increase the likelihood that the left side of the equation would equal ‘0’; not only would that be mathematically incorrect (unless profit happens to equal ‘0’ as well), but it is simply not very helpful in analyzing problems with service. Process quality (PQ) is the most subjective factor, but because this entire formula is an expression of customer perceptions, a scale similar to the one used to assign a value to SO can be used here. Here’s how it looks with real numbers plugged in: Wacky Lube, a chain of auto service shops, has done a customer survey about their $9.99 quick oil change service, which at that price has a margin of 15%. The company has decided to focus on the time to complete the service as the key factor in other customer costs; they learn through the survey that their customers have an average income of about $30,000, and spend an average of 21 minutes waiting for the service to be completed. Overall, the customers surveyed rate the service outcome at 2.5, and the process quality at 3.1. Thus, SO = 2.5 PQ = 3.1 P = 9.99 C = 5.25 (at $30,000 a year, a full-time worker is earning $0.25 per minute) PROFIT = 1.50 ($9.99 x 15%) [2.5 + 3.1]/[9.99 + 5.25] = CV → 1.50 0.3675 = CV, which corresponds to $1.50 profit for the quick-oil-change service. This is the point where the equation becomes only â€Å"sort of† empirical. First and most noticeably, the contribution of internal service quality and employee satisfaction is completely missing from this formula. That is an omission in the research literature as well; despite the importance given to employee satisfaction, there has been very little if any scholarly work done to this point to try to model it, possibly because internal service environments differ greatly from one workplace to another. As it is, the equation only indicates that some undefined status quo in Wacky Lube’s internal service environment correlates to a CV of 0.3675, leaving Wacky Lube’s management with a bit more work to do to figure out the connections. The second problem is that the profit and the CV can be and probably are mutually exclusive; revenues are a function of customer value/customer loyalty as a sales driver, but profits are a function of costs. There are some circumstances where costs are related to customer loyalty – for instance, greater customer retention or repeat business tends to lower some costs – but caution must be exercised in applying the results of the SPVC analysis.

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 24

Economics - Essay Example This capital expenditure takes time which cannot be completed in the short-run. Similarly, no existing firm can leave the industry in the short-run. The reason behind this is that whenever a firm sets up in any industry it has to incur some sunk costs. In lay man terms, sunk costs are actually setup costs. These costs are barriers that do not let the firms leave the industry in the short-run as no firm wants to leave the industry without minimizing or cashing in on some of their sunk costs. As we have already discussed, that no firm can be lured into or pushed-out of the industry in the short-run. The reasons that may tempt the other businesses entering into industry are off course profits, as discussed above. There are two types of profit that firm makes in the short run based on its costs and revenue. A firm may be making large profits or break-even in this time-scale. In economic terms break-even is known as normal profit because the calculation includes implicit or opportunity co sts, which are not actual cost and hence a firm which is breaking even is making a profit in accounting terms. Normal Profits are usually denoted by AR=AC. Similarly, apart from normal profit a firm might also be making a Supernormal profit denoted by a equation AR>AC. These profits positions can be shown in the following diagrams: In figure 1 we see the condition in which the firm is making a level of profit that is just enough to persuade the firms to stay in the industry in the short-run but not enough to attract new firms. In short-run when the firm is earning normal profits, the firm is just covering total costs. Since the TC (Total Cost Calculations) also includes implicit costs like opportunity cost of capital employed, return of capital in alternative uses etc. These are not actual costs and hence breaking even would mean that firm is earning profit which it could earning in alternative businesses and hence

ALCESTIS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

ALCESTIS - Essay Example On Alcestis and Admetos’ wedding day, the groom is faced with imminent death for failing to sacrifice Artemis. To atone for this failure and avoid death, Admetos is forced to exchange his life for another person. However, to his disappointment, there is no one from his household who is willing to lay down their life for his. It is during this moment that Alcestis, his wife, offers to die for him. This paper aims to address the notion that Alcestis should have never died for Admetos, considering his character, was a serious mistake. Admetos was well aware of the customs, tradition and rites that were practiced by his people. His failure to perform the rite of sacrificing to Artemis, the god who determined an individual’s destiny, was an act of ignorance on his part. He should have followed the right protocol required of any man in his society when marrying. Admetos showed kindness and generosity towards his wife, but this does not justify that he should accept her sacrifice to die for him. He says, â€Å"Old men’s prayers for death are lying prayers, in which they abuse old age and long extent of life. But when death draws near, not one is willing to die, and age no longer is a burden to then (Euripides et al. 219). This is because his acts of kindness and generosity do not dictate or demand that his wife bear the burden if his mistakes. If Admetos truly loved his wife, he should not have allowed her to sacrifice herself for him, and this clearly illustrated when Apollo battles death to save Alce stis. When Apollo realizes that nobody, in the house of Admetos, gave their life for him apart from his wife, he rectifies the mistake done by rescuing Alcestis from Hades and restoring her back to life with the help of Heracles. It was a grave mistake for Alcestis, to lay down her life for Admetos because, even if she was his wife, he did not love her for his heart belonged to a god. The mistake is highlighted by Apollo’s act of setting out to rescue her from Hades

How Have Us-China Relationship Been Refashioned By The Crisis Essay Example for Free

How Have Us-China Relationship Been Refashioned By The Crisis Essay The economic crisis experienced over the recent past has had a resoundingly negative effect across the globe. Altman (2009a, p. 527) describes it as â€Å"the worst in over 75 years. † Different people and different occurrences contributed variedly toward this crisis. However, most researchers tend to point fingers towards the US and blame it solely for orchestrating the crisis through its dubious economic policies and financial excesses (Dibb, 2009, p. 3 and Altman, 2009a, p. 527). Wright (2009, p. 59) furthers this ideology by saying that the recession originated in New York and, and like a wildfire, spread to Asia and other parts of the world. According to Altman (2009b, p. 5), as a result, â€Å"The overall picture is a grim one: a deep, truly global and destabilizing downturn, with world GDP falling for the first time in post-war period. Given rising populations, such an outright contraction is stunning. † China on the other hand chooses to distant itself away from the blame game. Wright (2009, p. 64) supports this reaction by saying that â€Å"China is not blaming US for the crisis. † According to them, the crisis was a culmination of a series of events performed by different countries in relations to their trading methods, economic policies, domestic marketing tendencies as well as overall governance. This has been a tactful stand for china more so with the looming speculations of them wanting to take full advantage of the crisis to impose influence of their minimally scathed domestic economy. It also provides a platform for good interrelations with the US, if need be, since there is no bad-blood between them as opposed to the critiquing nations. For china, their strong domestic market acts as a cushion in this tough time that many nations are languishing in economic distress. Despite facing low revenues from their exports and generally having to deal with the challenge of fluctuating prices of commodities, it has been able to get solace from their stable Foreign exchange trading (Altman, 2009a, p. 31). In sharp contrast, the US-the strongest nation in the world is finding it difficult to cope with the crisis. Apart from allegedly overspending beyond their means, the financial injuries in their banks and credit-markets combined with the unprecedented liquidity levels have forced US down on their knees (Altman, 2009b, 529). To make matters worse, there have been recent concerns of the US loosing its focus from ensuring coherence, coordination and leadership. Altman (2009b, p. ) equates this tendency to the inward preoccupation of the US with severe unemployment, housing challenges and fiscal pressures. He exemplifies this by saying, â€Å"US household lost 20 percent of their net worth in just 18 months, dropping from a peak of $64. 4 trillion in mid 2007 to $51. 5 billion at the end of 2008 (p. 3). On the other hand, it looks like china could increase its diplomatic presence in the development world by sharing its vast acumen of resources and ideologies (Altman, 2009b p. 3). According to Altman (2009a p. 28), â€Å"This relatively unscathed position gives china the opportunity to solidify its strategic advantages as the united States and Europe struggle to recover† by investing in places where US and Europe can’t. In essence, this rise by china combined with other Scandinavian countries threatens to overthrow USA from the global driving seat. Altman (2009a, 527) aptly describes it as â€Å"shifting the world’s centre of gravity away from the united states. †An Analyst like Dibb (2009, p. 2) is already voicing out his opinions to this by saying the global wealth is speeding from the east to west. In fact, he goes further and says â€Å"We think that the global financial crisis will hasten the relative decline of America and Improve China’s status (2009, p. 5). † Such opinions are, however, greatly discouraged as they may just aggravate the highly polarised relationship between China and USA. Rediker (2009, p. 555-556) challenges America to copy from other well doing countries if they are to survive. He further voices out the deficit in ideology and capital which has facilitated null movement of the US economy, and asks them to swallow their pride by borrowing a leaf from the attested pages of China’s ideologies. This is especially important with the rising concerns of China’s ascendancy in geopolitical standings based on the increased car sales, freight shipment and electricity consumption; thus offering it great financial leverage (Altman, 2009b, p. 7). Nevertheless, other analysts believe that this crisis may lead to a better relationship between China and US. This they believe can be done by Obama administration giving China a more central role in the IMF as well as bringing them to the G8 (Altman, 2009a, p. 528). To them, China ideologies in terms of geopolitical measures are similar to those of the US i. . both do not want Iran to acquire nuclear weapons. Again, both China and US are capitalist in nature and therefore finding a middle ground for a starting a mutual relationship will not be very problematic. Based on such factors, Altman (2009b, p. 7) concludes that â€Å"It is increasingly clear that the US-Chinese relationship will emerge as the most important bilateral one in the world. † As a point of caution, Dibb (2009, p. 3) warns that USA and China should treat one another with respect-if such a deal is struck- or else, dire consequences could erupt in the event of a mass unrest from either ends. Of course there are underlying issues like USA routing for free markets and China supporting a controlled market; which may presumably conflict. However, proponents of better relations between China and US believe that the overall good of the world will supersede such minor differences (Dibb, 2009, p. 4). It is desperate times for US and maybe, that is the reason why they are going for desperate measures. Being into the unchartered waters of financial down-surge, the US has taken stern measures to resuscitate its economy. This is based on the trial and failure of an example is them stopping to spend on discretionary items and are only focusing on only the basics. Through this, they are able to save more and pay down their debts. China has commended this move and said it opens doors for fostering better relationships with other countries (Altman, 2009a, p. 531). In conclusion, hope is not lost even in these difficult times of financial distress. Coincidentally, this crisis coincides with the tenure of Barrack Obama as president and his message of hope even in times of hopelessness. As for now, Atman (2009a, p. 39) say that â€Å"The united states will have to operate from a smaller global platform-while others, especially china, will have a chance to rise faster. † Critics should nevertheless watch for USA’s comeback; their slip does not mean they have fallen (Wright, 2009, p. 556). In fact, this should be a chance for both China and USA to demonstrate good leadership by working together. By doing this, the economic crisis-which not only affects the US and China but also other parts of the world will eventually be a thing of the past (Wright, 2009, p. 566).

The Theme of Justice in King Lear Essay examples -- King Lear essays

The Theme of Justice in King Lear      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many themes are evident in King Lear, but perhaps one of the most prevalent relates to the theme of justice.   Shakespeare has developed a tragedy that allows us to see man's decent into chaos.   Although Lear is perceived as "a man more sinned against than sinning" (p.62), the treatment of the main characters encourages the reader to reflect on the presence or lack of justice in this world.   The characters also vary in their inclination to view the world from either a fatalistic or moralistic point of view, depending on their beliefs about the presence or absence of a higher power.   The theme of justice in relation to higher powers can be illustrated from the perspective of King Lear, Gloucester, and Edgar.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When reading King Lear, it is helpful to understand the Elizabethan "Chain of Being" in which nature is viewed as order. Rosenblatt (1984) states that there was a belief in   an established hierarchy within the universe.   Everything had its own relative position beginning with Heaven, the Divine Being, and the stars and planets which are all above. On earth the king is next, then the nobles, on down to the peasantry.   Holding the lowest position were the beggars and lunatics and finally, the animals.   Interrupting this order is unnatural.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   King Lear's sin was that he disrupted this chain of being by relinquishing his throne.   By allowing his daughters and their husbands to rule the kingdom, the natural order of things was disturbed.   His notion that he can still be in control after dividing the kingdom is a delusion.   According to Elizabethan philosophy, it wou... ...the universal conflict that members of society have always had in understanding their fate in this world.    Works Cited and Consulted Bradley, A.C. "King Lear." 20Lh Century Interpretations of King Lear. Ed. Jane Adelman. New Jersev; Prentice-Hall, 1978. Colie, Rosalie. Some Faces of King Lear. Ed. R. Colie & F.T. Flahiff. UniversitV of Toronto Press, 1994. Curry, Walter. Shakespeare s Philosophical Patterns. London: Mass Peter  Ã‚   Smith, 1968.  Ã‚   Hunter, Robert G. Criticism on Shakespeare s Tragedies.. University of Georgia Press, 1996. Matthews, Richard. "Edmund's Redemption in King Lear". Shakespeare Quarterly. Winter, 19q5. pps. 25-29. Shakespeare, William. King Lear. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Canada Inc. Toronto. 1990. Snyder, Susan. "King Lear and the Prodigal Son." Shakespeare Quarterly. Autumn 1966. pps. 361-369.

Language Techniques Essay

1. Abstract Language: Language describing ideas and qualities rather than observable or specific things, people, or places. 2. Alliteration: The repetition of initial consonant sounds, such as â€Å"Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers. † 3. Allusion: A reference contained in a work 4. Ambiguity: an event or situation that may be interpreted in more than one way. 5. Analogy: a literary device employed to serve as a basis for comparison. It is assumed that what applies to the parallel situation also applies to the original circumstance. In other words, it is the comparison between two different items. 6. Anaphora: repetition of a word, phrase, or clause at the beginning of two or more sentences in a row. This is a deliberate form of repetition and helps make the writer’s point more coherent. 7. Anecdote: A story or brief episode told by the writer or a character to illustrate a point. 8. Annotation: explanatory notes added to a text to explain, cite sources, or give bibliographical data. 9. Antithesis: the presentation of two contrasting images. The ideas are balanced by phrase, clause, or paragraphs. â€Å"To be or not to be . . . † â€Å"It was the best of times; it was the worst of times . . . † â€Å"Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country . . . † 10. Argument: A single assertion or a series of assertions presented and defended by the writer 11. Assonance: Repetition of a vowel sound within two or more words in close proximity 12. Attitude: the relationship an author has toward his or her subject, and/or his or her audience 13. Authority: Arguments that draw on recognized experts or persons with highly relevant experience. 14. Backing: Support or evidence for a claim in an argument 15. Balance: a situation in which all parts of the presentation are equal, whether in sentences or paragraphs or sections of a longer work. 16. Begging the Question: Often called circular reasoning, __ occurs when the believability of the evidence depends on the believability of the claim. 17. Causal Relationship: In __, a writer asserts that one thing results from another. To show how one thing produces or brings about another is often relevant in establishing a logical argument. 18. Character: those who carry out the action of the plot in literature. Major, minor, static, and dynamic are the types. 19. Colloquial: the use of slang in writing, often to create local color and to provide an informal tone. Huckleberry Finn in written in a __ style. 20. Comic Relief: the inclusion of a humorous character or scene to contrast with the tragic elements of a work, thereby intensifying the next tragic event. 21. Conflict: a clash between opposing forces in a literary work, such as man vs. man; man vs.  nature; man vs. God; man vs. self 22. Connotation: the interpretive level or a word based on its associated images rather than its literal meaning. 23. Consonance: Repetition of a consonant sound within two or more words in close proximity. 24. Cumulative: Sentence which begins with the main idea and then expands on that idea with a series of details or other particulars 25. Deduction: The process of moving from a general rule to a specific example. 26. Denotation: the literal or dictionary meaning of a word 27. Description: The purpose of this rhetorical mode is to re-create, invent, or visually present a person, place, event, or action so that the reader can picture that being described. Sometimes an author engages all five senses. 28. Dialect: the recreation of regional spoken language, such as a Southern one. Hurston uses this in Their Eyes Were Watching God. 29. Diction: the author’s choice of words that creates tone, attitude, and style, as well as meaning 30. Didactic: writing whose purpose is to instruct or to teach. A ___ work is usually formal and focuses on moral or ethical concerns. 31. Dramatic Irony: In this type of irony, facts or events are unknown to a character in a play or a piece of fiction but known to the reader, audience, or other characters in the work 32. Either-or reasoning: When the writer reduces an argument or issue to two polar opposites and ignores any alternatives. 33. Ellipsis: Indicated by a series of three periods, the __ indicates that some material has been omitted from a given text. 34. Ethical Appeal: When a writer tries to persuade the audience to respect and believe him or her based on a presentation of image of self through the text. 35. Ethos: an appeal based on the character of the speaker. An __-driven document relies on the reputation of the author. 36. Euphemism: a more acceptable and usually more pleasant way of saying something that might be inappropriate or uncomfortable. â€Å"He went to his final reward† is a common __ for â€Å"he died. † They are also used to obscure the reality of the situation. 37. Example: an individual instance taken to be representative of a general pattern 38. Exposition: The purpose of this rhetorical mode is to explain and analyze information by presenting an idea, relevant evidence, and appropriate discussion. 39. Figurative Language: Writing or speech that is not intended to carry literal meaning and is usually meant to be imaginative and vivid. 40. Figure of Speech: A device used to produce figurative language. Many compare dissimilar things. Examples are apostrophe, hyperbole, irony, metaphor, metonomy, oxymoron, paradox, personification, simile, synecdoche, and understatement. 41. Genre: The major category into which a literary work fits. The basic divisions of literature are prose, poetry, and drama. 42. Homily: This term literally means â€Å"sermon,† but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice. 43. Hyperbole: a figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement 44. Imagery: The sensory details or figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions. On a physical level, __ uses terms related to the five senses; we refer to visual, auditory, tactile, gustatory, or olfactory. For example, a rose may present visual __ while also representing the color in a woman’s cheeks. 45. Infer: To draw a reasonable conclusion from the information presented. 46. Irony: The contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant. The difference between what appears to be and what actually is true. 47. Metaphor: a direct comparison between dissimilar things. â€Å"Your eyes are stars† is an example. 48. Metonomy: a term from the Greek meaning â€Å"changed label† or â€Å"substitute name† __ is a figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it. For example: a news release that claims â€Å"The White House declared† rather than â€Å"The President declared† 49. Mood: This term has two distinct technical meanings in English writing. The first meaning is grammatical and deals with verbal units and a speaker’s attitude. The second meaning is literary, meaning the prevailing atmosphere or emotional aura of a work. 50. Narration: The purpose of this type of rhetorical mode is to tell the story or narrate an event or series of events. 51. Narrative: The telling of a story or an account of an event or series of events. 52. Narrative Device/convention: This term describes the tools of the storyteller, such as ordering events to that they build to climatic movement or withholding information until a crucial or appropriate moment when revealing in creates a desired effect. 53. Onomatopoeia: a figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words. Simple examples include such words as buzz, hiss, hum. 54. Oxymoron: From the Greek for â€Å"pointedly foolish,† ___ is a figure of speech wherein the author groups apparently contradictory terms. Simple examples include â€Å"jumbo shrimp† and â€Å"cruel kindness. † 55. Paradox: A statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity. 56. Parallelism: refers to the grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs to give structural similarity. 57. Parody: A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule. 58. Pathos: an appeal based on emotion. 59. Pedantic: An adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish. 60. Personification: The assigning of human qualities to inanimate objects or concepts. An example: Wordsworth’s â€Å"the sea that bares her bosom to the moon. † 61. Point of View: In literature, the perspective from which a story is told. 62. Prose: One of the major divisions of genre, ___ refers to fiction and nonfiction, including all its forms, because they are written in ordinary language and most closely resemble everyday speech. 63. Repetition: The duplication, either exact or approximate, or any element of language, such as sound, word, phrase, clause, sentence, or grammatical pattern. 64. Rhetorical question: A question that is posed by a writer or speaker to make the audience think. It does not require a reply. Often used to engage an audience. 65. Sarcasm: from the Greek meaning â€Å"to tear flesh,† ___ involves bitter, caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule someone or something. It may use irony as a device. 66. Satire: A work that targets human vices and follies or social institutions and convention for reform or ridicule. Regardless of whether or not the work aims to reform humans or their society, ___ is best seen as a style of writing rather than a purpose for writing. The effect of __, often humorous, is thought provoking and insightful about the human condition. 67. Situational Irony: a type of irony in which events turn out the opposite of what was expected. 68. Stream-of-consciousness: This is a narrative technique that places the reader in the mind and thought process of the narrator, no matter how random and spontaneous that may be. 69. Style: an evaluation of the sum of the choices an author makes in blending diction, syntax, figurative language, and other literary devices. 70. Symbol: generally, anything that represents, stands for, something else. Usually, a ___ is something concrete—such as an object, action, character, or scene—that represents something more abstract. 71. Synecdoche: . a figure of speech that utilizes a part as representative of the whole. â€Å"All hands on deck† is an example. 72. Syntax: The grammatical structure of prose and poetry. 73. Theme: The central idea or message of a work, the insight it offers into life. Usually, __ is unstated in fictional works, but in nonfiction, the __ may be directly stated, especially in expository or argumentative writing. 74. Third Person Limited Omniscient: This type of point of view presents the feelings and thoughts of only one character, presenting only the actions of all remaining characters 75. Third Person Omniscient: In ___, the narrator, with a godlike knowledge, presents the thoughts and actions of any or all characters. 76. Tone: Similar to mood, __ describes the author’s attitude toward his or her material, the audience, or both. 77. Transition: a word or phrase that links one idea to the next and carries the reader from sentence to sentence, paragraph to paragraph. 78. Understatement: the opposite of exaggeration. It is a technique for developing irony and/or humor where one writes or says less than intended. 79. Verbal Irony: In this type of irony, the words literally state the opposite of the writer’s true meaning 80. Voice: can refer to two different areas of writing. One refers to the relationship between a sentence’s subject and verb (active and passive). The second refers to the total â€Å"sound† of the writer’s style. 81. Wit: In modern usage, intellectually amusing language that surprises and delights. Usually uses terse language that makes a pointed statement.

Learning Psychology Essay

Education and learning are one of the most important ingredients to becoming all that you can be. How open you are to learning will help determine your path in life. Education and learning are one of the most important ingredients to becoming all that you can be. How open you are to learning will help determine your path in life. Education does not just happen at school. It is not just about Math and other subjects. Your education and learning are happening all the time. They happen any time your mind is open to learning. Education is not just about learning facts, but more so about learning how to think. It is learning to make good choices. It is learning to act with purpose. Becoming educated is a lifelong process. It can be hard and frustrating at times, but it can also be incredibly exciting and enriching. Most importantly, learning and education can help you: Change the world Become a better person Reach your potential Eliminate your fears Make the most of mistakes Support your family Here are some inspiring quotations that capture the power of education and what it can do for you and the world: Motivation in Learning by Haibat Khan haibiniazi@gmail. com. â€Å"Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world. † – Nelson Mandela â€Å"When you know better you do better. † – Maya Angelou â€Å"Somewhere, something incredible is waiting to be known. † – Carl Sagan â€Å"Even the wisest mind has something yet to learn. † – George Santayana â€Å"Anyone who stops learning is old, whether at twenty or eighty. Anyone who keeps learning stays young. † – Henry Ford â€Å"The important thing is not to stop questioning. † – Albert Einstein â€Å"Learning is a treasure that will follow its owner everywhere. † – Chinese Proverb â€Å"None of us is as smart as all of us. † – Ken Blanchard â€Å"A house is not a home unless it contains food and fire for the mind as well as the body. † Benjamin Franklin â€Å"The mind is not a vessel to be filled, but a fire to be kindled. † – Plutarch â€Å"Educating the mind without educating the heart is no education at all. † Aristotle â€Å"You can tell whether a man is clever by his answers. You can tell whether a man is wise by his questions. † – Naguib Mahfouz â€Å"Education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire. † – W. B. Yeats â€Å"If you can’t explain it simply, you don’t understand it well enough. † – Albert Einstein. â€Å"Nothing in life is to be feared. It is only to be understood. † – Marie Curie â€Å"A mistake is a crash-course in learning. † – Billy Anderson â€Å"We are not what we know but what we are willing to learn. † – Mary Catherine Bateson â€Å"He who opens a school door, closes a prison. † – Victor Hugo â€Å"Knowledge will bring you the opportunity to make a difference. † – Claire Fagan â€Å"Education is teaching our children to desire the right things. † – Plato â€Å"I believe that we learn by practice. Whether it means to learn to dance by practicing dancing or to learn to live by practicing living, the principles are the  same. Practice means to perform, over and over again in the face of all obstacles, some act of vision, of faith, of desire. Practice is a means of inviting the perfection desired. † – Martha Graham†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Education is the power to think clearly, the power to act well in the world’s work, and the power to appreciate life. † – Brigham Young â€Å"I received the fundamentals of my education in school, but that was not enough. My real education, the superstructure, the details, the true architecture, I got out of the public library. For an impoverished child whose family could not afford to buy  books, the library was the open door to wonder and achievement, and I can never be sufficiently grateful that I had the wit to charge through that door and make the most of it. †- Isaac Asimov â€Å"Painful as it may be, a significant emotional event can be the catalyst for choosing a direction that serves us – and those around us – more effectively. Look for the learning. † – Louisa May Alcott â€Å"Imagination is more important than knowledge. For knowledge is limited to all we now know and understand, while imagination embraces the entire world, and all there ever will be to know and understand. † – Albert Einstein Haibat Khan haibiniazi@gmail. com.

Stephen Decatur, Naval Hero of the War of 1812

Stephen Decatur, Naval Hero of the War of 1812 Stephen Decatur (Jan. 5, 1779–March 22, 1820) was a U.S. naval officer who became famous for his exploits during the  Tripoli War. He later served as a heroic commander in the  War of 1812. He was killed in a duel by a fellow officer whose court-martial he had participated in years before. Fast Facts: Stephen Decatur Known For: Naval exploits during the Tripoli War and War of 1812Born: Jan. 5, 1779 in Sinepuxent, MarylandParents: Stephen Decatur Sr., Anne PineDied: March 22, 1820 in Bladensburg, MarylandSpouse: Susan WheelerNotable Quote: â€Å"Our country! In her intercourse with foreign nations may she always be in the right; but our country, right or wrong!† Born at Sinepuxent, Maryland, on January 5, 1779, Stephen Decatur was the son of Captain Stephen Decatur, Sr. and his wife Anne. A naval officer during the American Revolution, Decatur, Sr. had his son educated the Episcopal Academy in Philadelphia. Graduating, young Stephen enrolled at the University of Pennsylvania and was a classmate of future naval officers Charles Stewart and Richard Somers. At the age of 17, he secured employment with the firm of Gurney and Smith and aided in securing timber for the keel of the frigate USS United States (44 guns). Early Career Wishing to follow his father in the naval service, Decatur received the aid of Commodore John Barry in obtaining a midshipmans warrant. Entering the service on April 30, 1798, Decatur was assigned to United States with Barry as his commanding officer. He sailed aboard the frigate during the Quasi-War and saw action in the Caribbean as United States captured several French privateers. Demonstrating his skill as a gifted sailor and leader, Decatur received a promotion to lieutenant in 1799. At the end of the conflict in 1800, the U.S. Navy was downsized by Congress with many officers discharged from the service. First Barbary War One of thirty-six lieutenants retained by the U.S. Navy, Decatur was assigned to the frigate USS Essex (36) as first lieutenant in 1801. Part of Commodore Richard Dales squadron, Essex sailed to the Mediterranean to deal with those Barbary states that were preying upon American shipping. After subsequent service aboard USS New York (36), Decatur returned the US and took command of the new brig USS Argus (20). Sailing across the Atlantic to Gibraltar, he turned the ship over to Lieutenant Isaac Hull and was given command of the 12-gun schooner USS Enterprise (14). Burning Philadelphia On December 23, 1803, Enterprise and the frigate USS Constitution (44) captured the Tripolitan ketch Mastico after a sharp fight. Renamed Intrepid, the ketch was given to Decatur for use in a daring raid to destroy the frigate USS Philadelphia (36) which had run aground and been captured in Tripoli harbor on October. At 7:00 PM on February 16, 1804, Intrepid, disguised as a Maltese merchant ship and flying British colors, entered Tripoli harbor. Claiming that they had lost their anchors in a storm, Decatur asked permission to tie up alongside the captured frigate. As the two ships touched, Decatur stormed aboard Philadelphia with sixty men. Fighting with swords and pikes, they took control of the ship and began preparations to burn it. With combustibles in place, Philadelphia was set on fire. Waiting until he was sure the fire had taken hold, Decatur was the last to leave the burning ship. Escaping the scene in Intrepid, Decatur and his men successfully evaded fire from the harbors defenses and reached the open sea. When he heard of Decaturs achievement, Vice Admiral Lord Horatio Nelson called it the most bold and daring act of the age. In recognition for his successful raid, Decatur was promoted to captain, making him, at age twenty-five, the youngest to hold the rank. For the remainder of the war, he commanded the frigates Constitution and Congress (38) before returning home at its conclusion in 1805. Three years later he served as part of the court martial that tried Commodore James Barron for his role in the Chesapeake-Leopard Affair. In 1810, he was given command of United States, then in ordinary at Washington DC. Sailing south to Norfolk, Decatur oversaw the refitting of the ship. War of 1812 Begins While in Norfolk, Decatur encountered Captain John S. Garden of the new frigate HMS Macedonian. During a meeting between the two, Garden wagered Decatur a beaver hat that Macedonian would defeat United States should the two ever meet in battle. When war with Britain was declared two years later, United States sailed to join Commodore John Rodgers squadron at New York. Putting to sea, the squadron cruised the east coast until August 1812, when it put into Boston. Returning to sea on October 8, Rodgers led his ships in search of British vessels. Victory Over Macedonian Three days after departing Boston, Decatur and United States were detached from the squadron. Sailing east, Decatur spotted a British frigate on October 28, approximately 500 miles south of the Azores. As United States closed to engage, the enemy ship was identified as HMS Macedonian (38). Opening fire at 9:20 AM, Decatur masterfully outmaneuvered his adversary and methodically pummeled the British ship, ultimately forcing its surrender. Taking possession of Macedonian, Decatur found that his guns had inflicted 104 casualties, while United States had only suffered 12. After two weeks of repairs to Macedonian, Decatur and his prize sailed for New York, arriving to a massive victory celebration on December 4, 1812. Refitting his ships, Decatur put to sea on May 24, 1813, with United States, Macedonian, and the sloop Hornet (20). Unable to escape the blockade, they were forced into New London, CT by a strong British squadron on June 1. Trapped in port, Decatur and the crew of United States transferred to the frigate USS President (44) at New York in early 1814. On January 14, 1815, Decatur attempted to slip through the British blockade of New York. Loss of President After running aground and damaging the ships hull leaving New York, Decatur elected to return to port for repairs. As President sailed home, it was attacked by the British frigates HMS Endymion (40), HMS Majestic (58), HMS Pomone (44), and HMS Tenedos (38). Unable to escape due the damaged condition of his ship, Decatur prepared for battle. In a three-hour fight, President succeeded in disabling Endymion but was forced to surrender after sustaining heavy casualties by the other three frigates. Taken prisoner, Decatur and his men were transported to Bermuda where all learned that the war had technically ended in late December. Decatur returned to the United States aboard HMS Narcissus (32) the following month. Later Life As one of the US Navys great heroes, Decatur was immediately given command of a squadron with orders to suppress the Barbary pirates which had become active again during the War of 1812. Sailing to the Mediterranean, his ships captured the Algerian frigate Mashouda and swiftly compelled the Dey of Algiers to make peace. Using a similar style of gunboat diplomacy, Decatur was able to compel the other Barbary states to make peace on terms advantageous to the United States. In 1816, Decatur was named to the Board of Naval Commissioners in Washington D.C. Taking up his post, he had a home designed for him and his wife, Susan, by famed architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe. Death by Duel Four years later, Decatur was challenged to a duel by Commodore James Barron for comments he had made regarding the latters conduct during the 1807 Chesapeake-Leopard Affair. Meeting outside the city at Bladensburg Dueling Field on March 22, 1820, the two squared off with Captain Jesse Elliott and Commodore William Bainbridge as their seconds. An expert shot, Decatur only intended to wound Barron. As the two fired, Decatur severely wounded Barron in the hip, however he himself was fatally shot in the abdomen. He died later that day at his house in Lafayette Square. Over 10,000 attended Decaturs funeral including the President, Supreme Court, and the majority of Congress. Legacy Stephen Decatur was one of the first national heroes after the American Revolution. His name and legacy, like those of David Farragut, Matthew Perry, and  John Paul Jones, became identified with the U.S. Navy.

Banish bad writing to Room 101 - Emphasis

Banish bad writing to Room 101 Banish bad writing to Room 101 Good writing is powerful. Bad writing belongs in Room 101. George Orwell, creator of that fictional torture chamber where peoples worst nightmares reside, determined to rid the world of the terrible writing habits he believed threatened our mother tongue. The six rules he laid out have been guiding writers in all fields since he wrote them in 1946. Because, after all these years, Orwells advice is as relevant today as it was 65 years ago. 1. Never use a metaphor, simile or other figure of speech which you are used to seeing in print Metaphors and similes have the potential to evoke powerful mental images. But overused phrases such as axe to grind, selling like hot cakes or strike while the irons hot no longer have the power to conjure up anything other than a slight glazing over of the eyes. A fresh, unfamiliar juxtaposition of ideas can be just the late-afternoon espresso your reader needs to awaken your ideas in their head. Having said that, imagery is difficult to get right. And beware of overdoing it. If youre writing a business report, coming up with 12 never-before-seen metaphors per page may not be the best use of your time. Save them for your creative writing class. 2. Never use a long word where a short one will do On the grounds of rule one, Orwell probably wouldnt approve of the phrase less is more. However, its often true. Short words are powerful, direct and punchy. They are more likely to be instantly understood, which means your writing will have an immediate impact on your reader. Note that this rule doesnt put a complete ban on the use of long words it discourages using them for their own sake, as this can lead to opaque, pompous writing. But, for variety, the occasional Scrabble high-scorer is acceptable. 3. If it is possible to cut a word out, always cut it out Remove all padding from your writing. This means cutting every word that doesnt add to your meaning: this isnt school and youre no longer graded by the word. And get rid of waffle-magnets such as nominalisations. This hefty word means a noun thats created from a verb for example consideration (from the verb consider) or implementation (from implement, or even just do). Not only are these noun versions heavier than their lithe verb counterparts, they need extra words (eg, of and the) to make the sentence work. Little surprise that Nike didnt go with the slogan, Just complete the implementation of it. 4. Never use the passive where you can use the active The active voice is where you put the who of the sentence before their action just as you would if you were speaking. For example: The novel Nineteen Eighty-Four was written in 1949 by George Orwell is passive, but George Orwell wrote the novel Nineteen Eighty-Four in 1949 is active. The active voice is more direct, interesting and logical and it forces you to be specific about who does what (whereas with the passive, the who can be removed from the sentence). But do keep the passive in reserve for moments of necessary tact (ie, to a customer, The form was filled in incorrectly rather than You filled in the form incorrectly); and perhaps the odd shady cover-up (Yes, boss, the coffee machine has been broken). 5. Never use a foreign phrase, a scientific word or a jargon word if you can think of an everyday English equivalent Not so straightforward, this one, as it really depends on context. For corporate teams or expert readers, jargon is not only acceptable, it can also act like shorthand, helping to clarify your meaning. But knowing your audience is key. When you need to get technical information over to a more general readership, consider how youd explain your subject matter to a friend in a different industry, and youll find the right words to use. 6. Break any of these rules sooner than say anything barbarous A lazier writer than I am might say theres an exception to every rule. A straight-talker may just say, use your brain. Even Orwell admitted he was probably guilty of violating these rules again and again in the very essay he declared them. Still, the more you write with these sensible ground rules in mind, the better youll become at spotting the odd moments when you might do well to break one.

Cash Basis Accounting Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cash Basis Accounting - Coursework Example The coursework "Cash Basis Accounting" talks about the cash basis accounting particularly when it is appropriate, petty cash fund and the age of accounts receivable particularly on what basis they are determined. The cash basis accounting is used by most of the sole proprietors as well as businesses without inventory. The system is considered appropriate for a small service company, cash-based business or small businesses. On the cash basis, accounting revenue is recognized once cash is received. On the other hand, in accrual accounting expenses tend to be recognized when cash is paid. Cash basis accounting differs with the accrual basis accounting in some ways. In cash basis accounting, revenues are recorded on the income statement once cash is received while in accrual-based accounting it is recorded when cash is earned. Cash earned entails cash received from customers. In cash basis accounting expenses are reported once cash is paid out while in accrual-based accounting expenses a re reported when they expire or occur. The expiry date is different from the payment period. Cash based accounting is the common mode because it is simple and provides cash flow picture more accurately. Petty cash fund is defined as the amount of cash on hand that is used in paying small amounts owed instead of writing a check. There are ways which can be employed by companies to control petty cash fund. Reporting and audit and the acceptable use are the ways which companies can employ so as to control petty cash fund.

Theoretical Concepts Underpinning Portfolio Diversification Assignment

Theoretical Concepts Underpinning Portfolio Diversification - Assignment Example The benefits from the process of diversification can only be accrued if the securities within the portfolio are perfectly uncorrelated. The first form of diversification takes place when the company has the potential to develop beyond the existing product market. The related form of diversification can be further categorized into backward diversification, forward diversification, and horizontal diversification. Unrelated diversification takes place when an organization has the potential to develop interests that are complementary to its existing activities. When a company involved in media services can think of diversification in financial services, such kind of diversification is called unrelated diversification (Chatterjee and Wernerfelt, 1991). ... The diversification speed of the value at risk is regarded as the rate at which the value at risk changes because the number of assets included in the portfolio increases. (Ansoff n.d. p. 113). 3The criteria of value at risk are evaluated at a probability level that is fixed. One can also launch the converse analysis where the level of the value at risk is kept fixed and the level of the probability changes with an increase in the number of assets. A majority of the theoretical literature in finance assumes that returns are distributed normally. The speed of diversification is different in cases of normal and other distributions. The diversification speed is higher for the finite variance classes relative to the speed of normal distribution. The speed is lower relative to the speed of the diversification of the risk level (Hyung and Vries, 2004, p. 3). 4 Suppose there are two stocks one with return 0f 8% and another with 15%. The expected range of return of the investor is 8% to 15%. The standard deviation of the former stock is .05 while that of the later is 2. The investor will quantify the associated risk of the two assets and diversifies the investments accordingly. Country wise diversification can also arrive in the scenario (Marineilli, 2011, p. 2). 5 Measurement of the benefits of Diversification Suppose A and B are two portfolios. The former portfolio has an expected return and returns volatility of 7.5% with the qual weighing of both types of assets. But the later portfolio is leveraged in such a way that the weighing of the risk-free asset is -50% while that of the risky asset is 150%.

Endangered Species Act of 1973 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Endangered Species Act of 1973 - Assignment Example As it is, there are already many in society that would argue that no exceptions whatsoever should be made.   In the end, to open up an exception to private enterprises as well, no matter how well-intentioned the organization might be.   In effect, were the government to open up such exceptions to others, the floodgates would literally come alive with individuals or organizations who felt their work was so important to the public welfare that it should be permitted to continue, no matter what the cost to a given species might be.   This would go against the very intent of the Endangered Species Act, not to mention create a bureaucratic nightmare for all affected agencies as they would be charged with the task of determining who to grant an exception to, and who to deny.   At some point, it would simply not work and would be ethically improper to proceed with that course of action.  

Assessing the Computer Uses In Medicine Medical Essay

Assessing the Computer Uses In Medicine Medical Essay Computer uses in medicine There is no doubt that ICT is one of the latest mastered human brain does not stop this development at a certain point or area of life without the other has had this technology a significant impact and contribution of the actors in the health field, particularly in the provision of medical service and high level .. Has significant efforts to employ technology in the field of health through the integration of data, digital photos and X-ray and Telemedicine Tele Medicine. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia state is keen to achieve the principle of equality in the provision of health services and there are significant efforts in the use of technology in the health field to provide health services to residents in remote areas to take advantage of advanced services in some major hospitals Kalmschwy Specialist, but frankly it is not employment information and communication technology in the health field is still this sector needs to be a tremendous effort and well thought out plans to provide health services using high-level information and communications technology to reach the required limit, which had hoped the citizen. Many of the health services, high-end is only available in a number of major hospitals Kalmschwy Specialist and a few people who may have the opportunity to obtain such services due to the expansion of the Kingdom and the increase in population and the lack of people who specialize in some medical fields, in addition to the lack of qualified persons in computer applications in the health field, which led to non-use of medical technology to provide health services to residents in remote areas and other reasons. I was honored by His Royal Highness Prince Sultan bin Abdulaziz, may God protect him create a Sultan charitable contribution he has for the advancement of health care solution for some of the mentioned constraints through the provision of medical care and high level to achieve the principle of equality in the provision of excellent health care services to citizens regardless of their location geographical location. This is a charity providing social and health services through the methods of modern communications, and is known as the IFC has a number of programs and that the most important program Medunet where the aim of this program is to provide solutions to advanced technology such as treatment for post-b Tele Medicine and Altaim Distance Distance Learning Through this program will be health care and continuing education available through the Internet not only to those who are inside Saudi Arabia but will include the services of some Arab countries. Through telemedicine, or what is sometimes called the medicine will be able to communication in the institution of any physician contact centers of research and treatment of patients in remote locations and he can also contact doctors and experts in advanced medical institutions around the world for consultation, diagnosis and treatment. Through telemedicine can transfer and exchange of medical information between radiology and other specialists in a few seconds. In terms of distance education it provides to employees in the health field the possibility of holding seminars and conferences, regardless of their whereabouts. Telemedicine technology that enables doctors, nurses and technicians to present their research and exchange of experiences with others and reduce their sense of professional isolation. We have the specialist hospital Bmjhodat large in the area of Tal communication and distance education through the establishment of a robust system to provide medical care and providing equal opportunity in access to medical care is distinguished as the hospital by linking a number of areas in the Kingdom of the head office to give access to treatment equal to citizens, but we still need more. Overall, we need a large and urgent to establish a number of other charities that seek to achieve health equity between citizens and the support of Sultan Charity This charity As received from the material and moral support of His Highness Prince Sultan, but it will need to Alton with other parties in the exchange of experiences and knowledge and the development of cadres specialized medical and train Saudis in the field of medicine and health care and the conclusion a word of thanks and appreciation to His Highness Prince Sultan to establish such an institution of excellence in purpose and meaning and discrete service. And prayers for their employees success and our fellow health and wellness. This is the second The information of disciplines vital and important in todays world, despite being a modern shape in the world of medicine and technology. This includes several specialty areas such as telemedicine, medical decision support systems, genetic mapping techniques, electronic medical records. Began early attention to this aspect of the Kingdom through the convening of conferences and international scientific seminars held in the Kingdom or abroad, and the holding of workshops and intensive courses for doctors in this area. To shed light on this side, and explore the territory they had mined a series of questions put forward to His Excellency Dr. Nabil Ali Bin correct (Ph.D. in medical informatics), who responded by thoroughly and accurately scientific. Dr. Nabil is the first to obtain this certificate in the Kingdom, has worked in a number of scientific and educational institutions, including his work as a researcher in the Department of Medical Informatics at the Medical Center at Vanderbilt University of America, as well as e-learning in the Department of the university itself. It is also a member of several associations and scientific centers in various parts of the world. He is currently an assistant professor of Medical Informatics at the Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences King Saud University in Riyadh. It also provides a number of training courses at the global level. The happiness only Arab member of the Supervisory Committee to the World Conference on remote sensing instruments, which will be held in Malaysia this year. We raised by our questions, and was with him the following dialogue: (Riyadh Net): At the outset you could give us the definition of the area of your specialty? The medical informatics by the modern concepts at the global level, and so was the emergence of specialized courses in medical informatics during the past fifteen years only. Deals with this Specialization all computer applications in the medical field, including: techniques, practice of telemedicine, systems and electronic medical records, and the development of medical education and training-mail, and processing systems and storage of medical images, and administrative and financial systems, medical systems and decision support, medical applications of informatics in medical technology (as maps of genes), and development of medical research, and patient education programs, and programming of medical devices, standards and regulations in medical informatics. (Riyadh Net): What are the areas of teaching this aspect at the University? I taught the material relevant to specialize in the faculties of numerous university, college of Applied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Computer and Information Sciences, Faculty of Applied Studies and Community Service, King Saud University, and I hope to put the stuff of Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, because the doctor is the biggest beneficiaries of this material and even more beneficiaries of the applications of this specialization. With regard to the subject of this material has been the subject of coverage of the key aspects of medical informatics and the development of practical projects enable students to practice and specialty applications. For example, we divide the students of the Faculty of Computer article to several groups, each group choose a section of the hospital, then contact the hospital and take the basic information and then design special programs for each section. The aim of this step the student to experience the atmosphere and environment of hospitals and to identify the basic requirements and the needs of hospitals to medical informatics systems. Among these projects: the radiology department, laboratory, pharmacy, nutrition, medical unit renal failure, Department of Medical Research, System expert (Expert System), appointments and reception, electronic medical records, clinic, physiotherapy clinic, Dermatology, Dental Department, orthopedics, and other . As database consolidation between these projects and so is integration, including Integration)) to be a microcosm of the hospital mail. Then been developed to operate through the Internet (web-based). Has been host to many of the companies related to medical informatics systems to display the latest hospital medical systems (HIS), and the opportunity for students to see live demonstrations of those programs and discuss the guests around. The students interact well with this step, which aims to show what is available in the Saudi market of advanced programs in this area, in addition to helping students in their projects and by reading the most famous medical systems. It is obvious to everyone that all the work needed to develop more and more effort, hoping that these materials are a useful addition to specialists in the computer and the staff in the health sector. (Riyadh Net): What is the extent of interest in what is called e-health in the world? In the UK? Started in many states to provide services of Telemedicine (Telemedicine) as a first stage in the eighties and early nineties of the twentieth century, then the evolution of this concept in the late nineties to health connectivity (Telehealth), then followed by providing more comprehensive as we have until the evolution of the concept of Telemedicine is clearly at the beginning of this century to become the e-Health (E-Health). As a result of the evolution of this concept and the need for urgent applications in health care, was formed (the International Society for e-health), a scientific organization international non-profit organization, aimed primarily to activate the applications of informatics in the health field and involving members from around the world and has a Board of Trustees also have the Assembly public with more than 70 personal universal. With regard to e-health in the Kingdom, are sufficient to refer to the President of the International Society for e-health is a p ersonal girl of the people of this blessed country, and that the first world conference on e-health held in Jeddah in 2001 and is the first conference of its kind in this large size in the region where attended by about a thousand people. Also do not forget to note the significant and pioneering role played by m Focused e-health at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center in the dissemination of this concept through workshops and scientific conferences but also provide many services for the health sector in the Kingdom as a service of Telemedicine even culminating in the recognition by the World Health Organization at the hospital as a center supported by the Organization of Medicine communication in the Middle East. And emphasizes the establishment of the Center for Health e-King Faisal Specialist Hospital and organizing the international conference of this size and the Presidency of the World Health Organization attention and leadership of the Kingdom in general and the hospital, especially for e-health in the Middle East and the consolidation of the pillars of the health care industry based on modern technologies in the region. The hospital has developed a unique location on the Internet (Gulf Health) through which to provide medical information as comprehensive as, and allows the citizens of the Gulf States all consulting specialists in the disciplines of a variety of medical online, and participate in the site more than ten thousand doctors offering their services free to all. In this years Systems Specialist Hospital in collaboration with WHO and the UAE Ministry of Health held a conference entitled International Conference on the health of Arab 2003 in the city of Dubai, focusing on six themes important health at the level of the Arab region, namely: e-health, and robotic surgery, and common diseases, infectious diseases, and diagnosis radiation and hosted the conference 50 speakers worldwide, while the number of participants more than twenty-two thousand, representing a specialist about a hundred countries from different regions of the world. The Foundation Prince Sultan bin Abdul Aziz Charity has est ablished a program of Prince Sultan bin Abdul Aziz Medical Connections, which provides excellent services to the health sector in the Kingdom. Of that, Telemedicine services for military hospitals and other services and continuing medical education program through the site, and linking the health sectors in high-speed network, and provide organized Or e-Me to the hospitals. These efforts will contribute significantly to the development of the concept of e-health in the Kingdom to become the shining center of the e-health applications in the Middle East, God willing. (Riyadh Net): In your assessment, what the interest of doctors in the Kingdom of the Internet and computer in general? The number of doctors in the UK approximately 30 000 doctors (400 distributors government hospital and private) of whom 10 000 have a doctor to participate in the Gulf of Health site (above). In the sense that one third of doctors in the UK at least have an interest in the Internet and its applications medical contrast, we find that 78% of doctors in the United States use the Internet an average of 7 hours per day in 2001, and it should be noted that quite a few doctors have participate in the location of the Prince Sultan bin Abdul Aziz Communication medical, which includes participation in international medical encyclopedias and the new in many medical specialties, and training courses for doctors in the medical uses of the computer. In addition to Internet services available to doctors in medical libraries in hospitals and military hospitals in the National Guard and some private hospitals. There are also workshops on computer applications in the medical field in many medical con ferences and have specialized in high demand from doctors. But we must pay more attention to providing materials in the computer and its applications to medical students of the Faculty of Medicine, because they are the future doctors who will use the computers in medical practice, as they Bha Facial to the computer during their medical. Here it is worth mentioning that there are more than 22 faculty of medicine in the United States and Canada require the ownership of a computer laptop to enter the Faculty of Medicine. (Riyadh Net): To what extent are to take advantage of Telemedicine now? The objective of Telemedicine is the link between hospitals and specialized clinics and health centers in remote locations or locations where there is no specialized doctors nor patients can be moved from these sites to another site available where advanced medical service. Such as duty in remote areas, and areas of natural disasters, flights, cruises, and remote military areas, prisons, and critical situations in the home, and ambulatory cases away from medical centers. This is done by the transfer of data, voice, image and signal through the medical and telecommunications satellites. This helps to manage limited resources for medical care more effectively and reduce the cost and health risks for the transfer of patients. This gives real hope for the regions do not have enough real health care for economic reasons or geographical. And Telemedicine is used in many applications, including: service diagnosis and treatment, consulting service, medical service and medical education and training, and service management meetings between the medical departments. This does not mean that all these services available to us, for example, service diagnostic and treatment services less frequently used not only in the region but globally. (Riyadh Net): Do you consider reliable medical sites on the Internet in some cases, treatment and prescribing? Some surveys have shown that 55% (ie 52 million browser) of the total Internet users in the United States of America in 2001, online sites health in search of information and data relating to health and disease, and this means that half of Internet users have become closer to deal with the Internet as a reference important for good health, medicine and treatment. This is because in my opinion to several reasons including that the Internet allows the user does not need to disclose his identity when you search for medical advice, adding that many patients do not find the doctor enough time to discuss his health, because the doctor takes 15 minutes on average with the patient for diagnosis and treatment because of certain medical procedures and medical insurance systems, the time is not enough to educate the patient and his education. Therefore, many patients turn to Internet to search for new information about their illnesses, and methods of healthy nutrition, and new drugs and medica l drugs, and the search for other options to help them in decision-making. Studies have shown that 70% of patients affected by their decisions, including treatment they had received information over the Internet, and 50% of patients while, returned to the physician have under the guidance of a doctor new questions, and they discussed the diagnosis, and treatment methods , And 28% affected by their decisions to go to the doctor or not to go after informing them of the information on the situation from which they suffer through the Internet. All agreed that the medical information from the Internet had improved the way their interest in health care. However, the problem in my view, is the credibility of the medical sites, there is no way of knowing whether these sites are managed by specialists in their fields, and they have licenses to practice this profession, but there is no way to prosecution in the event of a medical error. One study revealed that 58% of searchers for health checking of companies, institutions or organizations that stand behind these sites in order to verify the accuracy of the information, despite the fact that 82% of Internet users in general are afraid of getting inaccurate information from the Internet. Here must be based medical and specialty hospitals to adopt reliable medical websites are providing excellent health information documented and accurate medical advice to meet the needs of patients, and that the bodies concerned are blocked medical sites that are not certified by the medical off icial. So take advantage of the technical and underestimate the risks. It was the third With the accelerating use of electronic pharmacy computer .. Near the target of the health service Abdul Rahman bin Sultan, Sultan * At the outset I want to stress that the concept Sotrha in this article are easy to be implemented, as it is not impossible or seven of the paranormal, but applied in a scientific and accurate leads to the impressive results to health care in various facets. For the technical development impact substantial and concrete to improve the level of health care in general, and to provide the means and the high pace of work and efficiency, in particular, have emerged from the use of computers in all aspects of life since the middle of the last century, and the window to say that health is still one of the pilot areas of interest with new technology and permanently connected, and in the profession of pharmacy was still the computer active role in providing a superior service to patients, Valhacb is currently being used to view the file patients health and disqualified for treatment, and printed instructions accompanying document history management of the patient, as used in medical stores to make sure to maintain acceptable levels of inventory of medicines or medical supplies and other during the period of the future and limited. Accelerate the pace of developments in computer applications in the context of over time quickly, and the requirements and business needs is increasing is the other dramatically, so has developed many medical technology firms a number of programs and useful applications in the pharmaceutical field, depending on the expertise of programmers computers as well as to consult with expertise of pharmacists. A new system .. Has developed a technology company in Chicago, USA system of exchange of the prescriptions by means of a Computer Forums (Plam-held computer) which allows the physician liberally medical panel device is then sent via Internet to the hospital pharmacy or to a pharmacy civil joint program, which chosen by the patient, and receives the prescription in the form of a specific message to the scientific names, quantities and duration of treatment, all under the cover of full confidentiality and privacy. The pharmacist will prepare the prescription before the patient arrives to the pharmacy on time. Delivery of homes, but Many of these pharmacies joint delivery of drugs to the home of the patient, during a short period, and which is calculated for this program accuracy in dispensing, and the low level of error in identifying the medication, because the doctor does not take a single name of the medicine in his hand, but writes the initials of the drug and ensures the program loader to search him and his focus and quantities required, and after approval sends the doctor, after attaching his signature mail, and it is known that the Saudi Ministry of Commerce is currently seeking a resolution to the electronic signature and that of its adoption in commercial transactions and the like.